Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous tense adalah sebuah tense dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian dimulai pada masa lampau dan terus berlanjut hingga saat iui. Tense ini juga sering disebut dengan Present Perfect Progressive tense. Karena terdapat unsur Continuous tense dalam tense ini, yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kata kerja yang cocok untuk digunakan dengan Verb-ing (memiliki durasi waktu).
Contoh:
I have been reading Harry Potter and the Cursed Child for a month now.
Kalimat di atas menunjukkan bahwa membaca Harry Potter and the Cursed Child merupakan sebuah aktivitas yang dimulai di masa lampau dan belum selesai sampai saat ini dan akan terus berlanjut hingga di masa depan.
Sumber gambar: youtube/unrwatv
Rumus Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus Present Perfect Continuous tense harus menyesuaikan dengan subjek tunggal atau jamak dari kalimat.
Berikut ini rumus Present Perfect Continuous tense beserta contoh kalimatnya:
| Subject | Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
| I | I + have + been + Verb-ing I have been living here for 4 years. |
I + have + not + been + Verb-ing
I have not been living here for 4 years. |
Have + I + been + Verb-ing
Have I been living here for 4 years? |
| You | You + have + been + Verb-ing
You have been living here for 4 years. |
You + have + not + been + Verb-ing
You have not been living here for 4 years. |
Have + you + been + Verb-ing Have you been living here for 4 years? |
| They | They + have + been + Verb-ing
They have been living here for 4 years. |
They + have + not + been + Verb-ing
They have not been living here for 4 years. |
Have + they + been + Verb-ing Have they been living here for 4 years? |
| We | We + have + been + Verb-ing
We have been living here for 4 years. |
We + have + not + been + Verb-ing We have not been living here for 4 years. |
Have + we + been + Verb-ing
Have we been living here for 4 years? |
| He | He + has + been + Verb-ing
He has been living here for 4 years. |
He + has + not + been + Verb-ing He has not been living here for 4 years. |
Has + he + been + Verb-ing
Has he been living here for 4 years? |
| She | She + has + been + Verb-ing
She has been living here for 4 years. |
She + has + not + been + Verb-ing
She has not been living here for 4 years. |
Has + she + been + Verb-ing
Has she been living here for 4 years? |
| It | It + has + been + Verb-ing
It has been living here for 4 years. |
It + has + not + been + Verb-ing
It has not been living here for 4 years. |
Has + it + been + Verb-ing
Has it been living here for 4 years? |
**Catatan:
Pada bentuk positif, kamu bisa menggunakan singkatan I’ve untuk I have, You’ve untuk You have, They’ve untuk They have, dan seterusnya. Singkatan ini tidak berlaku untuk subjek He, She, dan It. Sedangkan pada bentuk negatif, singkatan yang benar untuk digunakan adalah haven’t dan hasn’t. Contohnya, I haven’t been living here for 4 years, bukan I’ve not been living here for 4 years.
Kata Kerja Tanpa Bentuk Continuous
Seperti yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, Present Perfect Continuous tense harus menggunakan kata kerja yang memiliki bentuk Continuous (progressive) atau memiliki durasi waktu tertentu. Berikut ini beberapa contoh kata kerja yang tidak dapat kamu gunakan dengan Present Perfect Continuous tense karena beberapa kata kerja ini tidak memiliki durasi waktu, atau dengan kata lain hanya dimulai dan selesai dengan waktu yang singkat:
- I’ve wanted to visit Japan for years.
- She’s known John since she was a child.
- I’ve hated that music since I first heard it.
- I’ve heard a lot about you recently.
- We’ve understood everything.
Signal Words dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Berikut ini beberapa contoh kata yang sering digunakan bersama dengan Present Perfect Continuous tense untuk menunjukkan waktu:
| For | I’ve been being in relationship with her for 8 months. |
| Since | I have been owning my Mazda since 2007. |
| Recently | Sarah has been being late for work recently. |
| Lately | I haven’t been feeling well lately. |
Kontributor: Nanda Widya, S.Hum.
Alumni Sastra Inggris FIB UI
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