Pronoun
Pengertian Pronoun
Pronoun adalah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk menggantikan noun (kata benda), seperti orang, hewan, benda, dan hal-hal lainnya yang bersifat abstrak. Contohnya, kamu sedang membicarakan saudara laki-lakimu, John. Kalimat-kalimat yang kamu gunakan akan menjadi sangat repetitif jika mengulang-ulang kata “John”.
John has always loved singing. John announced that John wants to join singing contest.
Kamu bisa saja mengganti kata “John” menjadi “My brother”. Namun, kalimat tersebut seperti mengimplikasikan bahwa kamu sedang membicarakan dua orang yang berbeda.
John has always loved singing. My brother announced that John wants to join singing contest.
Untuk itu, kamu bisa menggunakan pronoun “he” agar kalimat kamu tidak repetitif dan sesuai dengan yang dimaksud.
John has always loved singing. He announced that he wants to join singing contest.
Sumber: britishcouncil.org
Jenis-jenis Pronoun
Terdapat beberapa jenis pronoun dalam Bahasa Inggris, yaitu:
1. Personal Pronoun
Personal pronoun atau yang sering dikenal sebagai kata ganti orang ini merupakan kata ganti yang menunjuk pada orang baik sebagai subjek maupun dari objek suatu kalimat.
| Personal Pronoun sebagai Subjek | Personal Pronoun Sebagai Objek | Contoh Kalimat Personal Pronoun |
| I | Me | I ask my mom to go to Sarah’s party.
My mom allows me to go. |
| You | You | You are studying English.
I teach you English as a second language. |
| We | Us | We are all invited to Andy’s party.
Andy wants us to come. |
| They | Them | They made a terrible mess in the class.
The teacher gave them punishment they deserved. |
| He | Him | He’d completely changed – I didn’t recognize him. |
| She | Her | She is turning 21.
I bring her a present. |
| It | It | It’s a beautiful dress, but I look bad wearing it. |
2. Antecedents
Sebelum kita membahas Possessive Pronoun, ita harus tahu mengenai Antecedents terlebih dahulu. Seperti yang kita ketahui, pronoun sangatlah serbaguna. Pronoun “it” bisa menunjuk ke apa saja: sepedah, pohon, perasaan, dan lainnya. Itulah mengapa kita membutuhkan antecedents. Antecedents adalah kata benda atau frasa dari kata benda yang kita sebutkan di awal kalimat atau cerita, dan nantinya akan digantikan oleh pronoun.
Contoh:
My brother always drives me nuts, but I love him.
Dalam beberapa kasus, antecedents tidak perlu disebutkan secara eksplisit selama konteksnya masih jelas. Kita juga bisa menggunakan pronoun sebelum antecedents.
Contoh:
I love him, but my brother always drives me nuts.
3. Possessive Pronoun
Sering dikenal sebagai kata milik dan merupakan kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan. Terdapat dua jenis possessive pronoun, yaitu limiting dan absolute.
| Limiting Pronoun | Absolute Pronoun | Contoh Kalimat Possesive Pronoun |
| My | Mine | My bike has blue color.
That blue bike is mine. |
| Your | Yours | Did you lose your pencil?
I’ve got something of yours. |
| Our | Ours | Today is our birthday.
This birthday cake is ours. |
| Their | Theirs | Their hats are in same color.
Those red hats are theirs. |
| His | His | His cat is lost.
Do you think if it is his? |
| Her | Hers | Her cousin is a little cruel.
I’ve never liked that cousin of hers. |
| Its | – | Every dog has its day. |
| Whose | – | Whose bag this is? |
4. Reflexive & Intensive Pronoun
Berikut ini adalah bentuk-bentuk Reflexive pronoun:
| Subject Pronoun | Reflexive Pronoun | Contoh Kalimat Reflexive Pronoun |
| I | Myself | I told myself it was nothing. |
| You | Yourself | You tell yourself everything’s all right but you know it’s not really. |
| We | Ourselves | We promised ourselves a good holiday this year. |
| They | Themselves | They booked themselves a room at the resort. |
| He | Himself | Nathan cursed himself for his poor eyesight. |
| She | Herself | She kept telling herself that nothing was wrong. |
| It | Itself | The cat licked itself all over. |
| You (Plural) | Yourselves | You shouldn’t blame yourselves. |
Intensive pronoun memiliki bentuk yang sama dengan Refelxive pronoun namun memiliki fungsi yang berbeda. Intensive pronoun ini digunakan untuk memberikan penekanan pada pronoun ini sendiri.
Contoh:
- He drew that paint himself.
Pronoun pada kalimat ini menekankan bahwa ia menggambarnya sendiri. Dengan kata lain, ia tidak meminta batuan orang lain untuk mengerjakannya.
- Did you yourself see he stole it?
Pronoun pada kalimat ini juga menekankan bahwa apakah kamu melihat dengan mata kepalamu sendiri atau mendengar cerita dari orang lain.
Demonstrative Pronoun
| Demonstrative Pronoun | Fungsi | Contoh Kalimat Demonstrative Pronoun |
| This | Digunakan untuk satu orang/benda yang jaraknya dekat. | Can you sign this for me? |
| These | Digunakan untuk dua orang/benda atau lebih yang jaraknya dekat. | These books are too heavy for me to carry. |
| That | Digunakan untuk satu orang/benda yang jaraknya jauh. | Who’s that? |
| Those | Digunakan untuk dua orang/benda atau lebih yang jaraknya jauh. | How much are those shoes? |
Interrogative Pronoun
Pronoun ini digunakan pada kalimat tanya.
| Interrogative Pronoun | Contoh Kalimat Interrogative Pronoun |
| What | What is your full name? |
| Who | Who wants to go to Brandon’s party? |
| Which | Which movie do you want to watch? |
| Whose | Whose jacket is this? |
Indefinite Pronoun
Indefinite Pronoun digunakan untuk menunjuk kepada orang atau benda yang tidak perlu dijelaskan secara spesifik.
| Indefinite Pronoun | Contoh Kalimat Indefinite Pronoun |
| One | Which one would you like? |
| Other | You shouldn’t expect others to do your work for you. |
| None | None of them knows where I live. |
| Some | Some of you here have already met Josh. |
| Anybody | I need some time to myself, the same as anybody else. |
| Everybody | He always tries to outdo everybody else in the class. |
| No one | No one made a sound. |
Relative Pronoun
Relative pronoun digunakan untuk menghubungkan relative clause dengan indepandnt caluse. Pronoun ini bisanya memberikan informasi tambahan mengenai sesuatu yang disebutkan dalam kalimat. Relative pronoun berupa:
| Relative Pronoun | Contoh Kalimat Relative Pronoun |
| That | Can I see the ring that you bought yesterday? |
| What | She wouldn’t tell me what he said. |
| Which | She appears to actually like the man, which I find incredible. |
| Who | The woman who called earlier didn’t leave a message. |
| Whom | I met a man with whom I used to work. |
Referensi
Thewlis, Stephen H. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 3: Form, Meaning, and Use. Boston: Hainle & Hainle.
Kontributor: Nanda Ayu, S.Hum.
Alumni Sastra Inggris UI